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} |} HMS ''Cherub'' was an 18-gun Royal Navy ''Cormorant''-class sloop built in Dover in 1806. She participated in two major campaigns in the West Indies during the Napoleonic Wars, and one major engagement in the Pacific during the War of 1812, all each of which earned her crews clasps to the Naval General Service Medal. The Navy sold her in 1820. ==Career== Commander John Ravenshaw commissioned ''Cherub'' in April for the North Sea.〔 ''Cherub'' is listed among the vessels qualifying for prize money arising out of the battle of Copenhagen. On the way there, ''Cherub'' and detained the Danish ship ''Neptunus'' on 30 August. ''Cherub'' sent ''Neptune'' (or ''Neptunus''), which had been sailing from Stockholm to Holstein, into Sheerness.〔''Lloyd's Marine List'',() - accessed 25 November 2013.〕 Slightly earlier, she supported the Swedes at the defence of Stralsund and Rügen.〔O'Byrne (1849), p.66.〕 On 29 February 1808 ''Cherub'' sailed for the Leeward Islands. From April to mid-June 1808 ''Cherub'' and cruised in company, and agreed to share any prizes they captured. Around 9 May ''Cherub'' captured the privateer schooner ''Vaillante'', Dubois, master, which was armed with swivel guns and small arms. Her crew abandoned her and escaped ashore, leaving behind one man who was sick and who died the next day. ''Cherub'' and ''Nimrod'' then used the schooner as a tender.〔Waller (1820), p.36.〕 On 17 May ''Nimrod'' captured a Spanish schooner carrying hides, cocoa, and indigo. She was the ''Esther'', sailing from La Guayra to Teneriffe.〔Waller (1820), p.40-1.〕 Lastly, on 22 May, ''Cherub'' and ''Nimrod'' jointly captured a Spanish letter of marque brig after a brief exchange of fire when the British sent in a boarding party in boats after her crew had run her ashore. She was armed with two guns and four howitzers but her crew abandoned her before the boarding party arrived. She had been carrying a cargo of cocoa from Cumano to Barcelona when the British intercepted her. The British were able to retrieve her, though not without difficulty.〔Waller (1820), pp.42-44.〕 ''Nimrod'' then took the prizes into St Thomas. There the estimates were that the brig's cargo was worth about $20,000, and the Spanish schooner about $1200.〔Waller (1820), p.50.〕 On 20 November , , ''Cherub'', and participated in the capture of the ''Bonetta'', ''Intrepid'', and ''Mary and Allen''. The last prize money was paid in 1839. In December Commander Thomas Tudor Tucker transferred from to take command of ''Cherub''. On 23 January 1809 Captain William Maude of returned to his station off Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, where he had left ''Cherub'' to watch the French frigate that was taking shelter there. ''Cherub'' then took part in the invasion of Martinique as part of the force under Vice-Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane and Lieutenant-General George Beckwith, who collected 29 ships and 10,000 men. ''Cherub'' and carried a detachment of troops from the 63rd Regiment of Foot which they disembarked at Corbet and which marched on St Pierre. The British force overwhelmed the French defenders at Martinique in February. Ultimately, 42 British warships shared in the prize money for Martinique. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) with clasp "Martinique" to all surviving claimants from the campaign. In early June 1809 ''Cherub'' and sailed into the anchorage at Basse-Terre to cut out two French frigates lying there under the protection of a fort and some batteries. As they sailed in they were subject to fire from shore batteries, which fortunately had no effect. The wind suddenly failed the British vessels, which were nevertheless able to extricate themselves from the situation with no losses or damage, but no success either.〔Marshall (1828), Supplement, Part 2, pp.397-8.〕 On 18 June and ''Cherub'' captured one of the French frigates, the ''Félicité ''. At the time of her capture, ''Félicité'' was armed with only 14 guns, but had 174 men on board. She had left Guadeloupe in company with another frigate and was sailing to France with colonial produce. The second frigate escaped through superior sailing despite ''Cherub'' having conducted a long chase. captured the second frigate, the ''Furieuse'', on 5 July 1809. ''Latona'' and ''Cherub'' shared the prize money with the other vessels that had formed the blockade of the Saintes, ''Amaranthe'', ''Blonde'', , , ''Julia'', and . Next, ''Cherub'' took part in the invasion of Guadeloupe in early 1810. This time 50 vessels shared in the prize money. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal (NGSM) with clasp "Guadaloupe" to all surviving claimants from the campaign. On 1 August 1811 Tucker received promotion to post captain.〔Marshall (1828), Supplement, Part 2, pp. 419-29.〕 ''Cherub'' was reclassed as a sixth rate to permit him to continue in command.〔 ''Cherub'' remained on the Leeward Islands station until 3 July 1812, when she returned to England for a refit. On this voyage she convoyed some 70 to 80 vessels,〔''Lloyd's Marine List'',() - accessed 26 November 2013.〕 or 96. ''Cherub'' arrived in September and the crew received one month's leave; apparently all returned to duty, even though they had been away from Britain for some years and expected to sail again for more years abroad.〔 A newspaper report dated 9 October from Halfax reported that the ''Prince of Asturias'', from St Mary's, Straker, master, which ''Cherub'' had recaptured, had arrived there. The account did not specify either the date of recapture nor arrival.〔''Lloyd's Marine List'',() - accessed 26 November 2013.〕 On 19 December 1812 ''Cherub'' left Cork with a convoy of 12 vessels, eight for Brazil, two for Buenos Aires, and one for the South Seas. Several separated and on 12 January the USS ''Chesapeake'' captured the ''Volunteer'' and the next day another vessel from the convoy.〔McCranie (2011), p.107.〕 Still, on 24 January 1813 she still had seven with her.〔''Lloyd's Marine List'',() - accessed 25 November 2013.〕 ''Cherub'' sailed from Rio de Janeiro on 8 July in company with and , sailing around Cape Horn.〔''Lloyd's Marine List'',() - accessed 25 November 2013.〕 The Royal Navy had been under pressure from the Montreal based North West Company, who were agitating for them to capture the base of their rival, the Pacific Fur Company. At the Galapagos Islands, ''Racoon'' continued on to attack American fur traders at Fort Astoria on the Columbia River, while ''Phoebe'' and ''Cherub'' remained to search for the US frigate USS ''Essex'', which had been attacking the British whaling fleet in the Pacific. ;Capture of the ''Essex'' (詳細はValparaiso. They waited off the port for ''Essex'' to come out. On the afternoon of 28 March, ''Essex'' sailed but she lost her main topmast and anchored near the shore. ''Phoebe'' and ''Cherub'' also anchored and opened fire. The British were armed with long guns, which were more effective at a longer range than the American armament of carronades. As the British anchored out of effective range of the American carronades, the battle was very one-sided and lasted for an hour until Captain David Porter of ''Essex'' struck his colours with 23 dead and 42 wounded on board. On the British ships only five were killed. ''Phoebe'' and ''Cherub'' also captured the ''Essex''s tender, ''Essex Junior'', which they then used as a cartel to transport their prisoners to New York. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the NGSM with clasps "Cherub 28 March 1814" and "Phoebe 28 March 1814" to all surviving claimants from the battle. On 31 May ''Phoebe'' and ''Essex'' set sail for England, finally anchoring in Plymouth sound on 13 November. The Admiralty repaired ''Essex'', taking her into service as HMS ''Essex''. In mid-April ''Cherub'' was at Valparaiso taking on supplies. She was planning to sail to the Marquesas Islands in search of the whalers that ''Essex'' had captured.〔''Lloyd's Marine List'',() - accessed 25 November 2013.〕 On 12 June, near the Sandwich Islands, ''Cherub'' recaptured the ''Sir Andrew Hamond'' (or ''Sir Andrew Hammond''); five days later she captured the ''Charon''. ''Sir Andrew Hamond'' was a whaler that Porter had captured and left at Nuka Hiva, together with other captured vessels, including the ''Greenwich'' and the former British letter-of-marque whaler, USS ''Seringapatam'', the whole being under the command of Lieutenant John M. Gamble USMC. When Gamble made preparations to leave the island, many of his party mutinied. Gamble and seven men (four unfit for duty) escaped and sailed the ''Sir Andrew Hammond'' 2500 miles before they had the misfortune to meet up with ''Cherub''.〔Mooney (1976), Vol. 6, p.517.〕 On 15 January 1815 ''Cherub'' and ''Racoon'' left Rio de Janeiro, escorting a convoy that included the storeships ''Prevoyante'' and , and seven merchantmen, including ''Sir Andrew Hammond''.〔''Lloyd's Marine List'',() - accessed 26 November 2013.〕 They left Pernambuco on 6 March,〔''Lloyd's List'',() - accessed 25 November 2013.〕 and ''Cherub'' arrived at Portsmouth on 5 May.〔''Lloyd's Marine List'', () - accessed 26 November 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Cherub (1806)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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